Iyo uhisemoibuye ry'ibirunga, urashobora gusuzuma ingingo zikurikira:
1. Kugaragara: Hitamo amabuye yibirunga afite isura nziza nuburyo busanzwe. Urashobora guhitamo amabara nuburyo butandukanye ukurikije ibyo ukunda wenyine.
2. Imiterere: Itegereze ibuye ryibirunga hanyuma uhitemo ibuye rikomeye kandi rikomeye aho kuba ibuye ryacitse cyangwa ryacitse.
3. Ingano: Hitamo ingano ikwiranye nibyo ukeneye. Ingano yamabuye yibirunga irashobora kugenwa ukurikije uko ikoreshwa hamwe nibikenewe.
4. Inkomoko: Sobanukirwa n'inkomoko y'amabuye y'ibirunga. Amabuye y'ibirunga mu bice bimwe na bimwe ashobora kuba afite imiterere nuburyo butandukanye bitewe nubumenyi butandukanye bwa geologiya.
5. Ikoreshwa: Hitamo ibuye ryibirunga bikwiye ukurikije ibyo ukeneye. Kurugero, amabuye yibirunga akoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye nko gushushanya, guhinga, no kubaka bishobora kugira ibisabwa bitandukanye.
Mugihe uhisemo amabuye yibirunga, urashobora gusuzuma byimazeyo ingingo zavuzwe haruguru kugirango umenye neza ko wahisemo ibuye ryibirunga rihuye nibyo ukeneye.